Everything Canadians need to know about cannabis terpenes

Canada, October 1, 2019 (Leafly)- Cannabis smells, and with good reason: it’s loaded with terpenes, aromatic compounds that not only determine a particular strain’s scent and flavour, but also contribute to its effects.

Cannabinoids such as THC and CBD may get all the glory, but if you really want to predict a strain’s effects, you need to look to its terpenes, too. Increasingly, cannabis researchers believe that terpenes work synergistically with cannabinoids and each other to produce a given strain’s characteristic effects.

Find everything you need to know about terpenes—what they are, how they work, how they influence your cannabis experience, and more—in this comprehensive guide to cannabis terpenes.

Learn more about terpenes

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An individual cannabis plant can contain hundreds of terpenes. Each strain, or cultivar, expresses a unique composition of terpenes that contribute to its final scent, determining whether a particular cultivar smells like berries, lemons, diesel or the forest floor. 

Here are the terpenes most often found in cannabis

Myrcene

Myrcene is the most abundant terpene in modern commercial cannabis, and the most likely terpene to be dominant, or present in the highest levels. Myrcene is associated with cannabis’s sedative or “couch-locking” effect.

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Pinene

True to its name, pinene has a distinct pine aroma. In cannabis, pinene is prized for its association with better memory retention and mental clarity, and is believed to counteract the memory-inhibiting and mentally sedating properties of THC. 

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Caryophyllene

Caryophyllene is a spicy terpene with antioxidant and anti-fungal properties. Research has even found that caryophyllene may be able to treat anxiety and depression. Learn more about caryophyllene.

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Limonene

More cannabis-focused research is needed, but studies on limonene so far have shown its potential for easing symptoms of depression, stress, and heartburn. Limonene is also prized for lending certain strains their citrusy flavours and aromas. 

Find Canadian cannabis strains with limonene

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Terpinolene

Terpinolene may be the least-common common terpene, often present, but rarely dominant. Its aroma is more complex than other terpenes, at once fruity, piney, floral, and herbaceous, but always fresh. It may have antifungal and antibacterial qualities. 

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Other common terpenes include:

• Humulene: Woody flavours; reported to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Ocimene: Sweet flavors; commonly used in perfumes; reported to have anti-inflammatory properties.
• Linalool: Floral; commonly used in essential oil blends; reported to have antimicrobial, antibiotic, pain-relieving, and sedative properties.